What example represents an open system?

An open system is characterized by the ability to exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings. The universe, as the vast expanse that encompasses all celestial bodies, energy, and matter, epitomizes an open system since it allows for continual interaction and exchange on a universal scale. In contrast, a sealed container, a chemical reactor, and a closed bottle restrict the exchange of matter with their environments.

In a sealed container, the contents cannot interact with the external environment, thereby limiting any exchange of matter. A chemical reactor can sometimes act as an open system depending on its operation design; however, many reactors can be closed systems depending on how they are set up. Similarly, a closed bottle is explicitly designed to confine matter and does not permit any exchange with the environment outside it. Consequently, the universe is the only example among the choices that operates as an open system.